This study examines which firms adopt online meetings and teleworking to face-to-face contacts in manufacturing and wholesale industries in Japan at four time points during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey results show that substantially more firms began using online meetings and teleworking, but significant inter-firm variations continued across industries and size classes. Firms that had been digitized or globalized before the pandemic tended to be especially active in introducing measures for reducing face-to-face contacts. These findings have deep implications for various issues, including personal work styles and corporate locations.
