We will review the controlling mechanism of Chinese economy using statistical data since 1949. The political milieu has affected the economic structure. Even the statistical survey system itself is the son of the political milieu. Severe conflicts between Mao and his fanatic leftist followers and rationalists represented by Liu and Zhou had been seen in the Great Leap Forward Movement and Cultural Revolution. The magnitude of disasters caused by these policies of Mao's can be traced through the population census and other statistical data. Mao's basic philosophy was that only minute surveys on a few typical cases was sufficient to understand the real structure without carrying out large scale census surveys. Lastly we glance at the recent movement creating a new statistical survey system.
