Table 1 Republican era population surveys

YearArea coveredAgencyMethod
191219 provinces and 2 special districtsNorthern Warlords GovernmentPolice-conducted survey of households
192813 provinces and 5 special citiesDomestic Administration MinistrySurvey of households
193630 provinces and citiesDomestic Administration MinistryReports from Bao-Jia system*
1947whole countryDomestic Administration MinistryReports from Bao-Jia system*
1921-257 provinces, 17 prefectures, and 2,866 householdsBuckSample survey
1928-3316 provinces, 119 districts, 46,601 householdsBuckSample survey
1932Jiangsu province, Jiangyin county, Xiaoqi TownUniversity of Nanking, othersCensus survey
1933Jiangsu province, Jurong countyCounty governmentCensus survey
1933Jiangsu province, Jiangning countyCounty governmentCensus survey
1935Shandong province, Zouping countyCounty governmentCensus survey
1936Zhejiang province, Langxi countyCounty governmentCensus survey
1939Yunnan province, Chenggong countyQinghua University, National Conditions Research InstituteCensus survey
1942Sichuan province, 3 countiesAccounting section, county government Qinghua University, NationalCensus survey
1942Yunnan province, Kunming city, 3 counties around Kunming LakeConditions Research InstituteCensus survey

* Bao-Jia system: an administrative system organized on the basis of households which was reintroduced by the Republican government in 1932. Generally speaking, each Jia was made up of 10 households, and each Bao of 10 Jia.